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*குடும்ப குத்து விளக்கு Romanisation: Kudumba Kuthuvilakku

Translation: While it literally refers to the lamp used for prayer purposes, it is also used to refer a pure and holy woman, who is the foundation of her family (a.k.a. the chaste wife or the godly mother).


[MAJOR SPOILERS AHEAD]


Super Deluxe is, hands down, the most feminist Indian film to have been made. Ever. Trust me on this.


An adulterous wife (Vaembu - left) who literally kills her lover with her libido, a father (Shilpa - centre) who disappears for seven and a half years to come back as a gorgeous woman, and last but definitely not least, the divine mother (Leela - right) who turns out to be the star of her son's virgin 3D porn experience.


If the nuclear brown family unit is predicated on the suppression, repression and oppression of the wife and mother's body, it's safe to say that Super Deluxe uproots the entirety of brown society by redefining brown female sexuality. Here's the big middle finger you were hoping for, Spivak!


Consent

Unarguably, the only thing that should matter when it comes to sex is consent (and age of course, don't have sex with minors cc: Oldboy). Yet, this fundamental concept is often buried under the pedestal that brown society likes to put its women on. The obsession with futile social constructs like chastity and virginity causes consent to be overlooked, lost and misinterpreted.


Consent applies to everyone. Not just chaste wives, innocent virgins and divine mothers.


Hence, my bold claim that Super Deluxe is the most feminist Indian film to ever be made.

Because what better way to explore the concept of consent than through the figures of an adulterous wife (whose body count is too high to warrant a mention on the silver screen) and a transwoman, navigating the prickly path of fatherhood?


In Super Deluxe, the embodiment of rape energy is not the dark, brooding villain who can be knocked out in one fell swoop by the hero, but the almost cartoon-ish police officer, Berlin. This villain's superpower is his authority as a police officer and his go-to weapon is emotional manipulation, served with a side of never-ending insidious cackles.

Contrary to his carefree smile, in this still, Berlin is actually setting up his phone to video his rape of Vaembu.

Berlin falls back on every brown person's favourite concepts (chastity, virginity and honour [aka "Log Kya Kahenge" -Trans:"What will people say"]) to obtain his singular goal: sexual gratification.


As the woes of a transwoman in India would go, Shilpa is beaten and taken into the police station for hanging out with her own son - under the accusations of being a pedophile and a pervert. Just as her name is cleared after verification that Raasu Kutti is indeed her son, our good man Berlin swoops in. Using the situation to his favour, Berlin manipulates Shilpa into performing a non-consensual act of fellatio for him in his own workplace.

A literal personification of that cartoon where men's eyes bug out upon seeing a hot woman.

In a similar vein, Vaembu and her husband's quest to hide her lover's dead body is busted by our favourite police officer. His lovely proposal to Vaembu? Divorce your husband and be my mistress, or else I'll blow this issue up such that at least 2 members of your family commit suicide from shame.


Though only one of his two ungentlemanly conquests bears fruit, in both instances, the fear, anguish and trauma that both women feel is conveyed deeply and sharply. The combination of cinematic techniques, stellar acting and Berlin's never-ending cackles create a suffocating atmosphere of terror - presenting the spectator with a harrowing 4D experience of rape anxiety.

If there is a slut in this film, it would be Berlin. Berlin would literally f*ck anything and anyone - and he has no qualms about his methods.

Useless concepts like chastity and virginity attempt to black and white-ify the grey area that is sex. Through using the morally ambiguous figure of Vaembu (who actually f*cked a man to death, and then attempted to hide said man's body with her husband as an accomplice) and the enigmatic figure of Shilpa - a transwoman trying her best to be a good dad - Super Deluxe drives home the crucial point that consent applies to everyone, regardless of gender, sexuality or morality.


Gender roles, say what?

Best believe me when I say this young man over here single-handedly destroys all gender roles.

The real hero of Super Deluxe, Shilpa's son, alias Raasu Kutti, is no doubt the most endearing character of the whole film.


The culmination of a 7.5 year long wait, Raasu Kutti observes his beautiful father for a good few moments before breaking out into a huge grin. As they walk through the dusty town hand-in-hand, Raasu Kutti peppers his dad with innocent, non-judgemental questions about her transition that Shilpa answers with both love and honesty.

If a parallel were to be drawn between Shilpa/Raasu Kutti and the film/its child-like audience, it almost feels like this beautiful sequence breaks down the largely obscure concept of transgender-hood for its viewers. In the process, the rigid gender roles that eclipse transgenderness are gently unveiled.

The aesthetics of this film rival that of a Wes Anderson movie.

Regardless, the austerity of gendered gossip in brown society would wear down even the toughest of souls, and they send Shilpa looking for an escape back to Bombay. Shilpa is dehumanised for her transgression of gender roles; people refuse to address her as "she" or "he", instead choosing to use the pronoun "it" - a harsh punishment indeed for non-conformity.


Just when Shilpa thinks her day cannot get any worse, Raasu Kutti goes missing, sending her on a wild goose chase throughout the town. As she returns home in shambles, she finds him sitting in their living room, looking unpeturbed.


Raasu Kutti shoves off his father's relieved kisses, locks himself in the bathroom and launches into a heart-wrenching tirade: "Everybody is mocking you, so you wanted to run away. But mom and I accept you just the way you are! Be a man or be a woman, just be with us. Damn it!"

Sorry, what are gender roles again?

If language is one medium through which gender roles are reinforced, it is the same medium through which Super Deluxe dismantles them. Coupled with the delivery of what might be the best dialogue to ever have been uttered in Kollywood history, the term "Appa" loses its gravitas as a marker of patriarchy, instead transforming into a beautiful signifier of father-son love, and nothing else.


The maternal body

Everyone watches porn. (If you say you don't, then you're lying.)


But to sit down with your friends to watch your first 3D porno film, only to find out that your mom is the star of the show must really be quite the experience.

Dei Soori, it's your mom.

Freud must really be having a field day in his grave.


If one were to consider the maternal body through psychonalytic lens, it really is the site where all the male sexual energy in the family - be it from the son or father - is concentrated. In layman terms, the Oedipal complex would be: the son wants to f*ck his mom, but can't because his dad is cockblocking him. So this primal sexual desire morphs into a desire to kill the father that has to be repressed because the father is stronger and bigger. The son carries on this messed up cycle into his own marriage, and so on.


But life is seldom that black and white. In Super Deluxe, Leela's foray into porn makes her own son come after her with a knife (which he slips on and ends up stabbing himself), and sends her husband, Arputham, into sainthood after a failed suicide attempt.


Arputham attempted to take his own life by drowning at sea but manages to survive a whole-ass tsunami by holding onto the statue featured in the still below. He then becomes a saint who exclusively worships the statue that saved him.
Lo and behold the literal kuthu villaku in its full glory (the 2 prayer lamps in front of the statue).

The rest of this family's storyline follows Leela and Arputham's desperate journey to save their idiotic son from his self-inflicted stab wound.


As heaven would have it, Soori does manage to survive what would have been the world's dumbest way to die. A relieved and enigmatic Leela asks Soori if he watched her film.

"The world is okay with the people who watch porn. But it shames the actors," says Leela gently, calling out the hypocrisy of the moral dictates surrounding sex and pornography. Informing her son that it was a conscious and fully aware decision on her part, Leela tells him about another role she played, as the goddess in a film.


Leela then wraps up what must have been a hell of a day by providing a beautiful summation of the fluidity of the female body: "To the people who watched that film, I will appear as a goddess. To the people who watch this film, I will appear as a whore. But ultimately, I am Leela. No more, no less."

With her enigmatic smile, Leela radiates an almost etheral glow in this still.

What is it that causes the deep fissure in the psyches of the two men in this ideal Freudian Father-Mother-Son family unit? Is it the disorientation that results from the realisation that the mother is not the property of the father and son? Is it the anger at having the private maternal body revealed to the lustful eyes of other men (and boys)?


Or is it the crushing anagnorisis that the maternal body belongs to the woman and only the woman, who is a full human in herself, independent of her son and husband?


Wrapping things up

The film is not just delightful in its content, but it is also a visual treat. Luminescent tones and shades of red and blue contrast, clash and co-exist.


A minor detail but I found the casting of the actors for the three different women particularly interesting. At the time of the casting, Samantha Akkinieni (Vaembu) had just got married to Naga Chaitanya Akkineni, the son of Telugu super star, Nagarjuna, in what was a fairytale wedding that got all of us spinning. Ramya Krishnan (Leela) just played the coolest mom to ever exist in the epic Baahubali, and Vijay Sethupathi (Shilpa) was - and still is - steadily on the rise to the ranks of being a Kollywood superstar. Considering the images that each of the actors have in real life (wife, mother, patriarch), the casting choices seem to be as tongue-in-cheek as the film itself.


All in all, at the end of the day, what Super Deluxe seems to be saying is real simple: Family is predicated on unconditional love, not the virtue of the woman.



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[WARNING]

1. Entire article is a spoiler.

2. Not for the faint-hearted: The film is R18 and so is the analysis. (Graphic themes - nudity and violence)


So, everyone knows Freud said you want to do your mom.


But that’s just the tip of the iceberg. For Sigmund Freud, the human psyche is separated into the conscious and the unconscious. The desire to do your mother is buried deep in the unconscious. What prevents this incestuous desire from surfacing in the conscious is the internalisation of paternal authority.


In other words, your mind has in place a protective mechanism that prevents your hidden desire for your mom, aka your dad’s wife, from materialising because it knows your big bad daddy will most definitely smoke your tiny lil dick.


If you are abhorred to the core by what you just read, Congratulations! You are not crazy! According to Freud, this revulsion against incest is the sign of a successfully contained unconscious, which is the basis of a sane mind. The repression of this desire is also key for the formation of a hetero-normative family which, for Freud, is the foundation of a sane and functional society.


It is what distinguishes us as civilised humans from animals (hamsters, I’m looking at you) and barbarians.


Freud's "The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex" was inspired by Sophocles’ OG controversial play, Oedipus the King. Long story short, Oedipus was abandoned as a kid because of a prophecy that he would kill his dad and marry his mom.


Lucky for him, he struck gold and became king because he solved a sphinx's riddle. The crux of the play follows Oedipus's quest to find out who killed the previous king in order to lift the curse of the plague that has fallen on his kingdom.


As the Gods would have it, turns out the ex-king was his dad, he was the killer (although he didn't know), his mom/wife commits suicide and he gouges his eyes out on finding out he fucked his mom.


Capitalism: A Global Religion?


In Park Chan Wook's Oldboy, the Rich are the Gods.


We first meet Park's distinctly unlikeable protagonist, Oh Dae Soo, on the night of his daughter's birthday as he drunkenly causes a commotion at a police station. Soon after he is bailed out by his friend, Oh disappears mysteriously.


The next time we meet Oh he is again kicking up a ruckus; but this time he is painfully alone in a dingy motel room. One year into his imprisonment, Oh finds out that his wife has been murdered and that he is the prime suspect through the TV in his room. He continues to be confined in the same room for 15 years without knowing who did this to him or why he is locked up.

Locked up in this claustrophobia-inducing motel room and made to subsist on a diet consisting solely of Chinese dumplings, Oh is quite literally driven to the brink of madness.

And then one day, he is released back into the world.


The entire premise of the film from then on up to the climax is predicated on Oh Dae Soo’s quest to find out: “Who imprisoned me for 15 years?” and more importantly, “Why?” However, even this pertinent question is masterfully planted into his head, with the location, people around him and even the timing planned down to the smallest detail.

The innocuous Japanese sushi restaurant is later revealed as the stage for Lee's masterplan.

The man who gives him the riddle and the mastermind behind Oh’s suffering appears soon after: Lee Woo Jin – the suave antagonist cloaked in impeccable suits, branded shirts and luxury jackets, always armed with a malignant smile.

Park schedules our second meeting with the delightfully evil chaebol in the centre of his sleek and silver upscale apartment, which overlooks the cityscape of Seoul.

Much gore, violence and some sex later, Oh brings Lee what he thinks is the answer to Lee’s riddle: Oh unintentionally spread a rumour (a true one albeit) of Lee and his sister, Lee Soo Ah, making out, which escalated into a schoolwide slut-shaming exercise and culminated in a phantom pregnancy that pushed Soo Ah to take her own life.


His grand revelation however, is met with snorts and chuckles from Lee who reveals that the real question is not: "Why did Woo-jin imprison me?" but "Why did he release me?"


The answer?


[SPOILER ALERT] Oh Dae Soo and his lovely female companion, Mido, did not meet by coincidence but were hypnotised into falling in love with each other. Oh and another thing, Mido is not just some random young woman, but Oh Dae Soo's long lost daughter. Oh Dae Soo goes berserk.

Park overlays close-ups of Oh and Mido with the lips and pendulum of their hypnotist, creating a psychedelic montage that acquires a hypnotic quality itself.

Like the Gods in Oedipus the King, Lee Woo Jin has absolute control over Oh Dae Soo's fate.


A twisted modern day God-like figure created by wealth and indulgence, Lee monitors Oh's every move, creating an eerie panopticon with his plethora of camera and audio technology.


Lee kidnaps Oh and traps him in a motel room for 15 years. He murders Oh's wife to destroy the nuclear family unit on which the heteronormative balance of sexual energy is predicated. Through hypnosis he reaches deep into the unconscious of Oh and Mido to pull out their hidden incestuous desires. With the well-calculated release of Oh after 15 years, Lee manipulates the extreme emotional, mental and sexual isolation Oh suffered to culminate in the fruition of Oh and Mido's Oedipal union.

In the eerie spirit of surveillance, Lee traces the contours of Mido's body as Oh and Mido lie unaware in post-coital bliss.

Perhaps, the moral of the story is don't sleep with girls your daughter's age because they might actually end up being long-lost daughter.


Watch What You Say

Jacques Lacan, Freud’s (self-proclaimed) favourite student, uses many complicated terms to talk about how language works: Signifier, signified, “signifying chain”, etc. The essence of what Lacan is yammering on about, however, is rather basic – which is that we do not control language but that language exists as its own system. This system has its own dictates and is influenced by the same ideologies – patriarchy, capitalism, etc – that shape every other aspect of human life.


For Lacan, Freud's dutiful student, the signifier that all signifiers look to is the phallus (phallocentrism) – therein dick makes the world go round.


In other words, when we speak, the words coming out of our mouth only offer us the illusion of control but what is actually happening as we speak is that we are entering an existing system of hierarchy and power.


The impetus for Soo Ah's suicide is her alleged phantom pregnancy. However, contrary to common sense and biology, Lee declares that it wasn't his dick that caused this but Oh's tongue. Arguably, Lee projects his deeply internalised incestual guilt and trauma onto Oh. But of more significance is the transference of phallic energy onto the tongue.


Freud and Lacan's theories on desire revolve around the penis because their theories prioritise male subjectivity and fail to take into account class (,women and race). In Oldboy, the shift from the phallus to the tongue brings class and gender into the equation.

Park creates a striking tableau of class politics and power dynamics in this shot as Lee towers over Oh, the latter completely at Lee's mercy.

While subjectivity can refer to autonomy and freedom, it can also refer to subjugation or oppression (Althusser). Since the tongue is the tool through which Oh is initiated into language, it becomes the means of both his male power and his economic enslavement. To Lee, the rumour that Oh spreads becomes an unwitting abuse of male privilege and a transgression that should be punished.


The intersection of socioeconomic power and gender accords Lee with the God-like status he uses to mete out his will. Language becomes the medium for Lee's vengeance through which he imposes the same predicament that resulted in his sister's suicide on Oh Dae Soo.


As the climax crescendos, Oh Dae Soo's desperation to prevent his daughter/lover from suffering the damning anagnorisis he did drives him to the extreme. He executes a gruesome self-mutilation where he snips off his own tongue. And so, the cherry on top of the icing for Lee's grand revenge is served.

The biggest reason why this damn film is M18 or even possibly R21 in some countries.

In Oedipus the King, gouging out his eyes is the only form of agency that Oedipus can grasp at in the face of cruel joke that the Gods play on him. Oedipus chooses to punish himself for his incestual transgressions. But in Oldboy, Oh can't even afford that sliver of self-respect as he is reduced to Lee's dog. His tongue becomes the unruly organ that needs to be castrated for the restoration of order in Lee's twisted world of justice. His body, his father-daughter relationship and his libido are all Lee's property.


His final attempt at autonomy comes in the form of clicking the controller that Lee claimed would end his life. But this controller merely replays the sounds of sexual ecstasy when he and Mido first have sex. Oh is left to despair.

Throughout the film, Lee claims that the device controls his pacemaker and that one press of a button could end his life. He uses the threat of suicide everytime Oh comes close to killing him with the malignant taunt: "Then you'll never know why you were locked up. Are you sure you're okay with that?"

In the era of Capitalism, even free will becomes a commodity. Hence, the Rich in Oldboy become Gods for they can afford the luxury of choice and lord absolute control over the life of the working class.


As different as day and night, Oh Dae Soo and Lee Woo Jin are held together by one unfortunate common thread, incest; the important distinction between their illicit sexual relations however, is agency. Lee and his sister choose to love each other and Lee chooses to take his own life. Oh, on the other hand, is not afforded any such freedom of choice.


Park Chan Wook's modern day Oedipal masterpiece goes far and beyond recycling Sophocles' tragedy. If the more civilised we become the more we repress, Park strips bare all charades of 21st century civility to centralise the cyclicality of the abhorrent primal instinct: incest.


Through interweaving capitalism and class politics with the dark underbelly of human civilisation, Park poses an urgent question: What is the future of an ideology/religion where the Gods not only knowingly engage in such shocking moral depravity but consciously alter the structure of society so as to perpetuate it?


This article is the second of a three-part essay series on Parasite and Oldboy. Part I discusses class politics in Parasite and Part III will deliberate on the endings of both films.


References

  1. Althusser, Louis. “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses.” On the reproduction of capitalism: ideology and ideological state apparatuses. Verso, 2013. Document.

  2. Freud, Sigmund. Civilisation and its Discontents. Trans. James Strachey. 1930. Document.

  3. Freud, Sigmund. “The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex.” Gay, Peter. The Freud Reader. New York: W W. Norton & Company, Ine., 1989. 142 - 172. Print.

  4. Lacan, Jacques. “The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious or Reason Since Freud.” Écrits: A Selection. London: Routledge Classics 2001, 1966. Document.

  5. Lacan, Jacques. “The Signification of the Phallus.” Écrits: A Selection. London: Routledge Classics 2001, 1966. Document.

  6. Oldboy. Dir. Park Chan Wook. 2003.

  7. Sophocles. “Oedipus the King.” The Three Theban Plays. Trans. Robert Fagles. New York: Penguin, 1982. Print.

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As part of their Faces of the Korean Woman programme, asianfilmarchive recently screened the classic Housemaid (1960), noting its influence on Parasite (2019); the film currently taking the world by storm.


Quoting Darcy Paquet, asianfilmarchive outlines the common themes of modernity, class, family and capitalism across both films. In The Housemaid: "The two-story home in which Kim sets his film acts as a symbol for Korea's modernizing middle class, yet behind the placid surface we see darker, more primitive elements penetrating into the family's space".

The motif of stairs emerges as a symbol for class politics that links both masterpieces across the (almost) 60 year gap between them. In The Housemaid, the stairs is both a signifier of wealth and a harbringer of doom. Instead of protecting the middle-class family from the destructive jealousy and sexuality of their maid, the stairs facilitates her intrusion into their nuclear unit and the tragedy that unfolds thereafter.

Likewise, in Parasite, stairs is a symbol of wealth but it extends beyond the normative setting of the rich household, trickling into the recesses of society and reaching into the depths of depraved humanity. And so, it widens and morphs into a representation of the gaping economic disparity in Korean society.

If in The Housemaid, stairs warn against the dangers of a rapid modernity; in Parasite, stairs become the vehicle of the insidious cat and mouse chase that lies beneath the sparkling narrative of Korea's global economic success.

FUN FACT : Bong Joon Ho has watched The Housemaid more than 30 times. No wonder the similarities between the films are remarkable!

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